- 1. Tanshinone IIA and Cryptotanshinone Prevent Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Hypoxia-Induced H9c2 Cells: Association to Mitochondrial ROS, Intracellular Nitric Oxide, and Calcium Levels.
The protective actions of tanshinones on hypoxia-induced cell damages have been reported, although the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Given the importance of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulation of cell functions, the present study investigated the effects of two major tanshinones, Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) and cryptotanshinone (CT), on hypoxia-induced myocardial cell injury and its relationships with intracellular NO and ROS, calcium, and ATP levels in H9c2 cells. Chronic hypoxia significantly reduced cell viability which accompanied with LDH release, increase in mitochondrial ROS, intracellular NO and calcium levels, decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and cellular ATP contents. TIIA and CT significantly prevented cell injury by increasing cell viability and decreasing LDH release. The protective effects of tanshinones were associated with reduced mitochondrial superoxide production and enhanced mitochondrial SOD activity. Tanshinones significantly reduced intracellular NO and Ca(2+) levels. ATP levels were also restored by TIIA. These findings suggest that the cytoprotective actions of tanshinones may involve regulation of intracellular NO, Ca(2+), ATP productions, mitochondrial superoxide production, and SOD activity, which contribute to their actions against hypoxia injuries....(more)
Jin HJ, et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:610694.
Related Products: Sodium Tanshinone IIA Silate
- 2. Sophoricoside isolated from Sophora japonica ameliorates contact dermatitis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling in B cells.
Sophoricoside (SOPH) is an isoflavone isolated from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae). In this study, the inhibitory effect of SOPH on contact dermatitis was investigated. At dosages of 3 and 10 mg/kg, SOPH ameliorated 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced acute and chronic contact dermatitis by 50-70%. As cellular targets, SOPH mainly affected the functions of B cells rather than T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. As signaling targets, SOPH inhibited the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα/β and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in B cells, but not in dendritic cells and macrophages. SOPH did not affect the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK MAPKs, in B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Taken together, these results suggest that SOPH ameliorates contact dermatitis by inhibiting mainly NF-κB signaling in B cells....(more)
Lee HK, et al. Int Immunopharmacol 2013 Mar;15(3):467-73.
Related Products: Sophoricoside
- 3. Biotransformation of sophoricoside in Fructus sophorae by the fungus Schizophyllum commune.
Biotransformation of sophoricoside in Fructus sophorae was performed with Schizophyllum commune. Sophoricoside was firstly metabolized to 4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone (2), and then to 4',7-dihydroxy-5-methoxyisoflavone (3) and 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone (4) as determined by NMR and MS analyzes. The content of compound (2) was increased by more than 30-fold, and compound (3) is a new product that showed good cytotoxic activity with an IC(50) of 12.1 nmol/ml against MCF-7 cells....(more)
Wu J, et al. Bioresour Technol 2012 May;111:496-9.
Related Products: Sophoricoside
- 4. Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of six flavonoids from Fructus Sophorae extract in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS.
In this study, a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of six flavonoids including sophoricoside, genistin, genistein, rutin, quercetin and kaempferol in rat plasma after oral administration of Fructus Sophorae extract using sulfamethalazole as internal standard (IS). The plasma samples were pretreated and extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a C(18) column with a simple linear gradient elution. The detection was accomplished by multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning after electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in the negative ionization mode. The optimized mass transition ion pairs (m/z) for quantitation were 431.1/267.9 for sophoricoside and genistin, 269.0/133.0 for genistein, 609.2/300.0 for rutin, 301.0/150.9 for quercetin, 284.9/93.0 for kaempferol and 252.0/155.9 for IS. The total run time was 8.0 min. Full validation of the assay was implemented including specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery and matrix effect. This is the first report on determination of the major flavones in rat plasma after oral administration of Fructus Sophorae extract. The results provided a meaningful basis for the clinical application of this herb....(more)
Chang L, et al. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012 Sep 1;904:59-64.
Related Products: Sophoricoside
- 5. Simultaneous determination of eight active components in Chinese medicine 'JiangYaBiFeng' tablet by HPLC coupled with diode array detection.
An effective, accurate and reliable method was developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of eight active components (baicalin, baicalein, sophoricoside, rutin, quercetin, genistein, pargyline and hydrochlorothiazide) in Chinese medicine 'JiangYaBiFeng' tablet (JYBF tablet) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD). Due to the different UV characteristic of these components, different wavelengths were selected for analysis of different analytes, such as 210nm for pargyline, 256nm for sophoricoside, rutin, quercetin and genistein, and 280nm for baicalin, baicalein and hydrochlorothiazide. Excellent linear behaviors over the investigated concentration ranges were observed with the values of R(2) higher than 0.9990 for all analytes. The recovery rates and relative standard deviation (RSD) for all analytes at three different concentrations were 94.9-104.7% and 1.23-3.00%, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to the simultaneously determination of these active components in 'JiangYaBiFeng' tablet from different production batches, indicating that the proposed method in this paper was particularly suitable for the routine analysis of JYBF tablet and its quality control....(more)
Yang R, et al. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011 Jun 1;55(3):552-6.
Related Products: Sophoricoside
- 6. Pharmacokinetic study of six flavones in rat plasma and tissues after oral administration of 'JiangYaBiFeng' using SPE-HPLC-DAD.
In this study, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD) for simultaneous determination of six flavones including baicalein, sophoricoside, rutin, baicalin, quercetin and genistein in rat plasma and tissues after oral administration of JiangYaBifeng (JYBF) tablets was developed. The investigated analytes in plasma and tissues were extracted and purified with liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction (SPE). Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a DIONEX Acclaim C18 column (250mm×4.6mm, 5.0μm particle size) with a simple linear gradient elution. The calibration curves for all the flavones had good linearity in the measured range with R(2) higher than 0.9983. The relative errors (REs) of the intra- and inter-day accuracy at different flavones levels were all less than ±10%. The proposed method enables unambiguous identification and quantification of investigated flavones in vivo. This is the first report on determination of the major flavones in rat plasma and tissues after oral administration of JYBF tablets. The results provided a meaningful basis for evaluating the clinical application of this medicine....(more)
Zeng HJ, et al. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011 Dec 5;56(4):815-9.
Related Products: Sophoricoside
- 7. Estrogenic activity of a naringinase-treated extract of Sophora japonica cultivated in Egypt.
The naringinase-treated methanol extract of Sophora japonica L. (Fabaceae) seeds showed potent estrogen agonist activity. Through bioassay-guided isolation of the main active constituents from the naringinase-treated methanol extract of S. japonica, the aglycones genistein and kaempferol were found to be the main phytoestrogens in the naringinase-treated extract. In addition, kaempferol was nearly equipotent to genistein as an estrogen agonist. Concerning the compounds isolated from the untreated methanol extract, sophoricoside showed weak estrogenic activity on ERbeta only....(more)
El-Halawany AM, et al. Pharm Biol 2010 Feb;48(2):177-81.
Related Products: Sophoricoside
- 8. [Effects of sophoricoside and genistein on biological characteristics of osteoblasts].
OBJECTIVE:
To observe the effects of sophoricoside and genistein on the biological characteristics of osteoblasts.
METHODS:
Osteoblasts were isolated from parietal bone of the newborn SD rats (less than 24 hours) and cultured in minimum essential medium (MEM). The effects of different concentrations of sophoricoside and genistein (10, 1 and 0.1 micromol/L) on the bone formation of osteoblasts in vitro were observed by cell proliferation rate. Differentiation of osteoblasts was evaluated by detecting the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) using 4-nitrophenyl phosphate disodium salt (PNPP) method and by measuring the mineralized nodiform dyed by alizarin bordeaux. And the activity of osteoprotegerin (OPG) promoters of human beings was tested by using gene cloning and reporter gene.
RESULTS:
Sophoricoside at 1 and 0.1 micromol/L could promote the proliferation of osteoblasts (vs control group, P < 0.05). Genistein at 10 micromol/L could inhibit the cell proliferation, while genistein at 0.1 micromol/L showed promotion to cell proliferation (vs control group, P < 0.05). The activity of ALP of osteoblasts was increased by sophoricoside at concentrations from 0.1 micromol/L to 10 micromol/L, but genistein only at concentration of 0.1 micromol/L could make it. The total areas of mineralization of the osteoblasts in 10, 1 and 0.1 micromol/L sophoricoside groups increased by 73%, 138.6% and 114.3% as compared with the control group, respectively, but those in different concentrations of genistein groups decreased. The activity of LacZ was increased by sophoricoside at concentrations from 0.1 micromol/L to 10 micromol/L, as well as by genistein at concentration of 0.1 micromol/L.
CONCLUSION:
Sophoricoside can stimulate the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. And it shows no inhibition to bone formation of osteoblasts compared with genistein. Sophoricoside can also increase the activity of osteoprotegerin promoter and is more effective than genistein....(more)
Xu Y, et al. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao 2009 Mar;7(3):223-7. Chinese.
Related Products: Sophoricoside
- 9. Determination of sophoricoside in rat plasma by HPLC and its application to pharmacokinetic studies.
A simple, sensitive, selective and reproducible reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for the determination of sophoricoside in rat plasma after intravenous administration. Naringin was successfully used as internal standard (IS) for calibration. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on a reversed-phase C(18) column using acetonitrile-methanol-0.08% phosphoric acid (8:29:63, v/v/v) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, with UV detection at 260 nm. Plasma samples were injected into the HPLC system after precipitating protein directly by methanol. Good linearity was achieved in the range of 0.0240 approximately 48.0 microg/ml (R(2)=0.9989). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method were 0.0075 microg/ml and 0.0240 microg/ml, respectively. The absolute recoveries of sophoricoside from plasma were 95.8%, 93.2%, 98.0% at concentrations of 0.0240, 1.92, 15.0 microg/ml. The intra-day and inter-day variabilities were 3.39%~5.78% and 2.17%~4.72%, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of sophoricoside after intravenous administration of 2.5, 10 and 20 mg/kg in rats....(more)
Luo R, et al. Yakugaku Zasshi 2009 Dec;129(12):1545-9.
Related Products: Sophoricoside
- 10. Structural requirement of chalcones for the inhibitory activity of interleukin-5.
Novel chalcones were found as potent inhibitors of interleukin (IL)-5. 1-(2-Benzyloxy-6-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (2b, 78.8% inhibition at 50microM, IC(50)=25.3microM) was initially identified as a potent inhibitor of IL-5. This shows the compatible activity with budesonide or sophoricoside. To identify structural requirements, 26 chalcones were prepared and their inhibitory activities were tested against IL-5. Among them, compound 4-[(E)-3-(2-cyclohexylmethoxy-6-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]benzenesulfonamide (2w, 99.5% inhibition at 50microM, IC(50)=1.8microM) shows the most potent activity. The important structural requirements of these chalcone analogs exhibiting the inhibitory activity against IL-5 were recognized as the following. (1) The hydrophobic group such as benzyloxy or cyclohexylmethoxy at 6-position of A ring is necessary. (2) The existence of phenolic hydroxyl at 6-position of A ring is critical. (3) Propenone unit as alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone is essential. (4) Electron withdrawing groups with hydrogen acceptor property at 4-position of B ring enhance the activity and quantitative structure-activity relationship of 2 regarding these substituents was determined....(more)
Yang HM, et al. Bioorg Med Chem 2007 Jan 1;15(1):104-11.
Related Products: Sophoricoside
- 11. Method development for the determination of coumarin compounds by capillary electrophoresis with indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection.
A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection (ILIFD) method is described for the simultaneous determination of esculin, esculetin, isofraxidin, genistein, naringin and sophoricoside. The baseline separation was achieved within 5 min with running buffer (pH 9.4) composed of 5mM borate, 20% methanol (v/v) as organic modifier, 10(-7)M fluorescein sodium as background fluorophore and 20 kV of applied voltage at 30 degrees C of cartridge temperature. Good linearity relationships (correlation coefficients >0.9900) between the second-order derivative peak-heights (RFU) and concentrations of the analytes (mol L(-1)) were obtained. The detection limits for all analytes in second-order derivative electrophoregrams were in the range of 3.8-15 microM. The RSD data of intra-day for migration times and second-order derivative peak-height were less than 0.95 and 5.02%, respectively. This developed method was applied to the analysis of the courmin compounds in herb plants with recoveries in the range of 94.7-102.1%. In this work, although the detection sensitivity was lower than that of direct LIF, yet the method would extend the application range of LIF detection....(more)
Wang W, et al. J Chromatogr A 2007 Apr 27;1148(1):108-14.
Related Products: Sophoricoside
- 12. A comparative study of phytochemical composition of genetically and non-genetically modified soybean (Glycine max L.) and evaluation of antitumor activity.
Colon cancer is one of the major causes of cancer mortality worldwide. The analysed feeds, containing non-genetically modified (GM) soybean and Roundup Ready soybean, showed a different polyphenolic content and lipophilic composition. Non-GM soybean extract possessed twice the polyphenolic content of GM soybean and the highest number of sterols. Among them, γ-sitosterol was found to be the major constituent. Methanolic extract of non-GM soybean extract was more potent than GM soybean extract against colon carcinoma cell line LoVo using MTT assay, while the second one showed a slightly higher anti-inflammatory activity. The findings add to epidemiological evidence for the therapeutic effects of soy foods in colorectal carcinoma....(more)
Marrelli M, et al. Nat Prod Res 2013 Mar;27(6):574-8.
Related Products: Soybean Extract
- 13. Do extracts of oral soybean augment the trophic effect of estrogen on the rat uterus?
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether soybean extracts and estrogens present additive effects on adult rat uterus.
METHODS:
Fifty ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into five equal groups of ten animals: Control, treated with vehicle; SE46 and SE120, treated with 46 and 120 mg/kg soybean concentrated extract (SE), respectively; EE, treated with conjugated equine estrogens (CE) 50 μg/kg; SE120 + EE, treated with 50 μg/kg (CE) plus 120 mg/kg SE. The substances were administered daily by gavage for 21 consecutive days. Thereafter the animals were weighed and killed by decapitation; trunk blood was collected for hormone determinations. Uteri were removed immediately and fixed in 10% formaldehyde, followed by dehydration, embedding in paraffin and 6-m sections staining with hematoxylin and eosin for histomorphometric analyses of myometrium and endometrium. After ANOVA analysis of the data, the study was complemented with the Tukey-Kramer test for multiple comparisons.
RESULTS:
The concentrated extract of soybean at high concentration (SE 120 kg/mg) and estrogens proved to have a trophic effect on the uterus (endometrium and myometrium) of castrated rats. In groups SE120, EE and SE120 + EE, all morphometric parameters examined (number of glands, eosinophils, blood vessels and the glandular area) were increased. No significant addictive effects of soybean extract plus estrogens were detected in the SE120 + EE group.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results indicate that soy extract has a trophic effect on rat uterine structures. Treatment of ovariectomized rats with a concentrated soy extract in combination with conjugated estrogens had no addictive effect on the uterine response....(more)
Francisco AM, et al. Climacteric 2013 Feb;16(1):161-8.
Related Products: Soybean Extract
- 14. Soybean extract showed modulation of retinoic acid-related gene expression of skin and photo-protective effects in keratinocytes.
Soy extracts are well known as medicinal and nutritional ingredients, and exhibit benefits towards human skin including depigmenting or anti-ageing effects. Despite the wrinkle decreasing effects of retinoids on skin as an anti-ageing ingredient, retinoid application can causes photo-sensitive responses such as skin irritation. Thus, their daytime usage is not recommended. The aim of this study is the investigation into the activities of soybean extract as an anti-ageing ingredient and their comparison to retinoids in this respect. Soybean extract decreased the relative ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1 mRNA to the same degree as retinoic acid in normal human fibroblasts. It also affected mRNA levels of HAS2 and CRABP2 in normal human keratinocytes. Furthermore, we investigated its effect on mRNA expression of histidase, an enzyme that converts histidine into urocanic acid, the main UV light absorption factor of the stratum corneum. Unlike the complete inhibition of histidase exhibited by the mRNA expression of retinoic acid, the effect of soybean extract on histidase gene expression was weaker in normal human keratinocytes. Also, soybean extract pretreatment inhibited UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation dose-dependently in normal human keratinocytes. In this study, we found that soybean extract modulated retinoic acid-related genes and showed photo-protective effects. Our findings suggest that soybean extract could be an anti-ageing ingredient that can be safely used under the sunlight....(more)
Park NH, et al. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013 Apr;35(2):136-42.
Related Products: Soybean Extract
- 15. Natto (fermented soybean) extract extends the adult lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans.
We investigated the effects of a water extract of natto on the aging of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The water extract significantly prolonged the adult lifespan of the wild-type worms and rendered them resistant to oxidative and thermal stress. In addition, treatment with natto extract significantly delayed the accumulation of lipofuscin, a characteristic of aging cells. Our findings suggest that components of natto have a beneficial anti-aging effect in vivo....(more)
Ibe S, et al. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013;77(2):392-4.
Related Products: Soybean Extract
- 16. Multiresidue determination of pesticides in industrial and fresh orange juice by hollow fiber microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction and detection by liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry.
A procedure involving hollow fiber microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (HF-MMLLE) and detection by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed and applied. The extraction is based on liquid-liquid microextraction with a polypropylene porous membrane as a solid support for the solvent. On the membrane walls the solvent forms a renewable liquid membrane which improves the trueness of the method and promotes the sample clean-up. The applicability of this method was evaluated through the simultaneous extraction of 18 pesticides of different classes: polar organophosphates, carbamates, neonicotinoids, amides, pyrimidines, benzimidazoles and triazoles in industrial and fresh orange juice. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized by multivariable designs. Under optimized conditions, analytes were concentrated onto 1.5 cm long microporous membranes placed directly into the sample containing 9mL of juice at pH 7.0, 4 g of ammonium sulfate and 400 μL of toluene:ethyl acetate (85:15, v/v). The best extraction conditions were achieved at 25°C with 35 min of extraction time. The analyte desorption was carried out using 50 μL of methanol:acetone (50:50, v/v) for 2 min in an ultrasonic bath. Limits of detection ranging between 0.003-0.33 mgL(-1), 0.003-0.35 mg L(-1) and 0.003-0.15 mgL(-1) were obtained for the carton orange juice, carton light orange juice and fresh orange juice samples, respectively. Good repeatability (lower than 7.6%) was obtained for all three sample types. The method was applied to five different juice samples containing soybean extract, orange pulp, nectar, light juice and fresh orange juice. The results suggest that the proposed method represents a very simple and low-cost alternative microextraction procedure rendering adequate limits of quantification for the determination of these pesticides in juice samples....(more)
Bedendo GC, et al. Talanta 2012 Jan 15;88:573-80.
Related Products: Soybean Extract
- 17. A new isoflavone glycitein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside 4''-O-methylate, isolated from Cordyceps militaris grown on germinated soybeans extract, inhibits EGF-induced mucus hypersecretion in the human lung mucoepidermoid cells.
A new isoflavone glycitein 7-O-beta-d-glucoside 4''-O-methylate (CGLM) has been isolated recently from Cordyceps militaris grown on germinated soybean extract and has antioxidant activity. In the present study, CGLM was investigated for its suppression of airway mucous hyper-secretion in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-treated human lung mucoepidermoid cells. NCI-H292 cells were treated with CGLM for 1 h, followed by EGF treatment for 24 h. The decrease in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) production was correlated with reduced levels of protein and mRNA of inducible matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and also MUC5AC gene expression. CGLM directly inhibited down-regulated NF-κB activity, and significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 (p42/p44) in NCI-H292 cells. These results suggest that CGLM protects NCI-H292 cells from EGF-induced damage by down-regulation of COX-2, MMP-9 and MUC5AC gene expression, mediated via blocking the NF-kappa-B and p38/ERK MAPK pathways....(more)
Kim JH, et al. Phytother Res 2012 Dec;26(12):1807-12.
Related Products: Soybean Extract
- 18. The functional effect of soybean extract and isolated isoflavone on myocardial infarction and ventricular dysfunction: the soybean extract on myocardial infarction.
BACKGROUND:
Myocardial infarction is a public health problem. Functional food is an alternative treatment for cardiovascular diseases.
OBJECTIVE:
The objective was to analyze the functional and anatomopathological post-myocardial-infarction effects of soybean extract (SE) and isoflavone (IF).
METHODS:
Myocardial infarction was induced in adult Wistar rats. After 5 days, an echocardiogram was performed to determine heart rate (HR), ejection fraction (EF), systolic volume (LVESV) and diastolic volume (LVEDV). Animals with ventricular dysfunction (EF<45%) were selected for study. The animals were divided into three groups: control (n=14), SE (n=15) and IF (n=12). The IF group received 120 mg/kg/day isolated IF, and the SE group received 12.52 g/day. After 30 days, a new echocardiogram was performed. A histological exam was carried out to determine the collagen. Activity of biochemical markers [arginase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase] was measured.
RESULTS:
The animals of the control, IF and SE groups showed a reduction in EF after the infarction (P=.432, P=.017 and P=.320, respectively). An increase of LVESV and LVEDV was observed in all groups (P=.009, P=.001 and P=.140; and P=.003, P=.008 and P=.205, respectively). A reduction of HR was found in the SE group (P=.020). There was a greater activity of LDH in the SE group. A smaller quantity of mature collagen was found in the region proximal to the myocardial infarction in the SE group.
CONCLUSION:
A protective effect in the SE group was observed 30 days after the myocardial infarction.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved....(more)
Miguez AC, et al. J Nutr Biochem 2012 Dec;23(12):1740-8.
Related Products: Soybean Extract
- 19. Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of soybean extract fermented by Bacillus subtilis MORI in db/db mice.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of soy bean extract solution fermented by Bacillus subtilis MORI (BTD-1E) in obese db/db mice. Eight-week-old male db/db mice were administered 33.3 mg/kg BTD-1E solution orally once a day for four weeks. The BTD-1E group showed significantly lower body weight compared with the db control group (P<0.05). The BTD-1E group showed significantly lower serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels compared with the db control group, respectively (P<0.05, P<0.01). The BTD-1E group showed significantly decreased liver weight relative to final body weight compared with the db control group (P<0.01). After four weeks of BTD-1E administration, lipid droplets in the liver were apparently decreased in the BTD-1E group compared to the db control group. In summary, our results suggest that BTD-1E has an anti-hyperlipidemic effect in the obese mouse model....(more)
Nam Y, et al. Lab Anim Res 2012 Jun;28(2):123-9.
Related Products: Soybean Extract
- 20. Retardation of post-mortem changes of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) stored in ice by legume seed extracts.
Meat quality of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) treated with soybean and bambara groundnut extracts at different concentrations was monitored during 10 days of iced storage. During storage, the control sample (without treatment) had a higher pH, TCA-soluble peptide content, heat soluble collagen content, proteolytic activities and psychrophilic bacterial count than did samples treated with soybean and bambara groundnut extracts. Conversely, shear force value and likeness scores of the control sample decreased (p<0.05), more likely associated with softening of muscle. The decrease in myosin heavy chain in the control sample was found after 6 days of storage. However, no changes in protein patterns of samples treated with soybean extracts at 2.5 mg/mL were found after 10 days of storage. Therefore, the injections of legume seed extracts, especially soybean extract, at a sufficient concentration, could be a means to retard muscle softening and maintain the qualities of freshwater prawn during iced storage....(more)
Sriket C, et al. Food Chem 2012 Nov 15;135(2):571-9.
Related Products: Soybean Extract
- 21. Cassava starch as a stabilizer of soy-based beverages.
Soy-based beverages are presented as healthy food alternatives for human nutrition. Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) starch is relatively inexpensive, widely available in Brazil and is broadly used by the food industry due to its desired properties that result from pasting. The objective of this study was to develop soy-based beverages with good sensory quality using native cassava starch as a stabilizer and maintaining the nutritional value that makes this product a functional food. The developed formulations featured a range of cassava starch and soybean extract concentrations, which were tested in a 2² experimental design with three central points. The results of sensory analysis showed that the studied variables (cassava starch and soybean extract concentrations) did not have a significant effect with respect to a 5% probability level. When considering the apparent viscosity, on the other hand, the variables had a significant effect: the increase in soybean extract and cassava starch concentrations caused an increase in the viscosity of the final product. The profile of isoflavones in the tested formulations was similar to the profiles reported in other papers, with a predominance of the conjugated glycosides over the aglycone forms....(more)
Drunkler NL, et al. Food Sci Technol Int 2012 Oct;18(5):489-99.
Related Products: Soybean Extract
- 22. Hyperforin attenuates brain damage induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats via inhibition of TRPC6 channels degradation.
Hyperforin, a lipophilic constituent of medicinal herb St John's wort, has been identified as the main active ingredient of St John's wort extract for antidepressant action by experimental and clinical studies. Hyperforin is currently known to activate transient receptor potential canonical (subtype) 6 (TRPC6) channel, increase the phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB), and has N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-antagonistic effect that convert potential neuroprotective effects in vitro. However, the protective effects of hyperforin on ischemic stroke in vivo remain controversial and its neuroprotective mechanisms are still unclear. This study was designed to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of hyperforin on transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Hyperforin, when applied immediately after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) onset, significantly reduced infarct volumes and apoptotic cells, and also increased neurologic scores at 24 hours after reperfusion accompanied by elevated TRPC6 and p-CREB activity and decreased SBDP145 activity. When MEK or CaMKIV activity was specifically inhibited, the neuroprotective effect of hyperforin was attenuated, and we observed a correlated decrease in CREB activity. In conclusion, our results clearly showed that i.c.v. injection of hyperforin immediately after MCAO onset blocked calpain-mediated TRPC6 channels degradation, and then to stimulate the Ras/MEK/ERK and CaMKIV pathways that converge on CREB activation, contributed to neuroprotection....(more)
Lin Y, et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013 Feb;33(2):253-62.
Related Products: St. John's Wort Extract
- 23. Downregulation of β1 -adrenergic receptors in rat C6 glioblastoma cells by hyperforin and hyperoside from St John's wort.
OBJECTIVES:
While the use of St John's wort extracts as treatment for mild to moderate depression is well established the mode of action is still under investiation. Individual constituents of St John's wort extract were tested for possible effects on the β1 AR density and a subsequent change in downstream signalling in rat C6 glioblastoma cells.
METHODS:
The effect of compounds from St John's wort extract on the downregulation of β1 -adrenergic receptor-GFP fusion proteins (β1 AR-green fluorescent protein (GFP)) of transfected rat C6 gliobastoma cells (C6-β1 AR-GFP) was investigated by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM). The influence on the lateral mobility of β1 AR-GFP in C6-β1 AR-GFP was investigated by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The formation of second messenger was determined by c-AMP-assay.
KEY FINDINGS:
Confocal LSM revealed that pretreatment of cells with 1 μm of hyperforin and hyperoside for 6 days, respectively, led to an internalization of β1 AR-GFP under non-stimulating conditions. Observation by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy showed two diffusion time constants for control cells, with τdiff1 = 0.78 ± 0.18 ms and τdiff2 = 122.53 ± 69.41 ms, similarly distributed. Pretreatment with 1 μm hyperforin or 1 μm hyperoside for 3 days did not alter the τdiff values but decreased the fraction of τdiff1 whereas the fraction of τdiff2 increased significantly. An elevated level of β1 AR-GFP with hindered lateral mobility was in line with β1 AR-GFP internalization induced by hyperforin and hyperoside, respectively. A reduced β1 -adrenergic responsiveness was assumed for C6 gliobastoma cells after pretreatment for 6 days with 1 μm of both hyperforin and hyperoside, which was confirmed by decreased cAMP formation of about 10% and 5% under non-stimulating conditions. Decrease in cAMP formation by 23% for hyperforin and 15% for hyperoside was more pronounced after stimulation with 10 μm dobutamine for 30 min.
CONCLUSIONS:
The treatment of C6 gliobastoma cells with hyperforin and hyperoside results in a reduced β1 AR density in the plasma membrane and a subsequent reduced downstream signalling.
© 2013 Royal Pharmaceutical Society....(more)
Jakobs D, et al. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013 Jun;65(6):907-15.
Related Products: St. John's Wort Extract
- 24. Metabonomics approach to assessing the modulatory effects of St John's wort, ginsenosides, and clomipramine in experimental depression.
The protective effects of St John's Wort extract (SJ), ginsenosides (GS), and clomipramine (CPM) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression in rats were investigated by using a combination of behavioral assessments and metabonomics. Metabonomic analyses were performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in conjunction with multivariate and univariate statistical analyses. During and at the end point of the chronic stress experiment, food consumption, body weight, adrenal gland, thymus and spleen indices, behavior scores, sucrose consumption, and stress hormone levels were measured. Changes in these parameters reflected characteristic phenotypes of depression in rats. Metabonomic analysis of serum, urine, and brain tissue revealed that CPM and SJ mainly attenuated the alteration of monoamine neurotransmitter metabolites, while GS affected both excitatory/inhibitory amino acids and monoamine neurotransmitter metabolites. GS also attenuated the stress-induced alterations in cerebrum and peripheral metabolites to a greater extent than CPM and SJ. These results provide important mechanistic insights into the protective effects of GS against CUMS-induced depression and metabolic dysfunction....(more)
Wang X, et al. J Proteome Res 2012 Dec 7;11(12):6223-30.
Related Products: St. John's Wort Extract
- 25. Inhibition of 17β-estradiol activation by CYP1A1: genotype- and regioselective inhibition by St. John's Wort and several natural polyphenols.
Several epidemiological studies associate certain CYP1A1 genotypes, alone or in combination, with an increased risk of estrogen-related cancers. Previously we demonstrated that metabolic activation of estrogens by CYP1A1 is a genotype-dependent reaction with the CYP1A1.2 (Ile462Val) variant being the most efficient catalyst (Kisselev et al.). To answer the question whether genotype-dependent inhibition of activation of estrogens by CYP1A1 could also contribute, we studied the inhibition of hydroxylation activity of the most common allelic variants of human CYP1A1 towards 17β-estradiol. We expressed and purified CYP1A1.1 (wild-type), CYP1A1.2 (Ile462Val), and CYP1A1.4 (Thr461Asn) and performed inhibition assays by natural polyphenols of our diet and drugs of NADPH-dependent estradiol hydroxylation in reconstituted CYP1A1 systems. From the polyphenols studied, a St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) extract, some of its main single constituents hypericin, pseudohypericin, and quercetin, as well as the flavonols kaempferol, myricetin and the phytoestrogens resveratrol and tetramethyl-stilbene exhibited strong inhibition. For the St. John's Wort extract and its single constituents hypericin, pseudohypericin, and quercetin, inhibition exhibited a remarkable dependency on the CYP1A1 genotype. Whereas (wild-type) CYP1A1.1 was most inhibited by the whole crude extract, the variant CYP1A1.2 (Ile462Val) was significantly stronger inhibited by the constituents in its pure form: IC values for 2-hydroxylation was more than two times lower compared with the wild-type enzyme and the variant CYP1A1.4 (Thr461Asn). Besides this, the inhibition exhibited a remarkable regioselectivity. The data suggest that risk of estrogen-mediated diseases might be not only influenced by CYP1A1 genotype-dependent activation but also its inhibition by natural polyphenols of our diet and drugs....(more)
Schwarz D, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011 Jan;1814(1):168-74.
Related Products: St. John's Wort Extract
- 26. Profiling of hypothalamic and hippocampal gene expression in chronically stressed rats treated with St. John's wort extract (STW 3-VI) and fluoxetine.
RATIONALE:
Hypericum perforatum L., known as St. John's wort (SJW), is used as a phytotherapeutic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate forms of depression.
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of SJW extract (STW 3-VI; 250 and 500 mg/kg; p.o.) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) on genes involved in the pathogenesis of depression using a chronic restraint stress (CRS) model in rats. Of particular interest was the assessment of similarities and differences between SJW extract and fluoxetine on the gene expression level in two different brain regions.
RESULTS:
Hypothalamic and hippocampal tissues were analyzed using the Affymetrix gene chip Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array, which comprises more than 30,000 rat transcripts. Limma program and PANTHER database were used to evaluate the microarray data. Genes involved in the pathways of inflammatory processes (Mapk8), oxidative stress (Gpx3, Gstm3, Sod3) or Alzheimer's disease (Sncb, Apbb1ip) were altered by both fluoxetine and SJW extract. For all groups, several signaling pathways were identified which could provide a link between the various hypotheses of depression.
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, microarray analysis proved to be a valuable tool to identify a large number of genes and resulting pathways that may serve as novel drug targets or predict drug responsiveness for SJW or fluoxetine. Based on our comprehensive analysis, it was possible to identify similarities and differences between SJW and fluoxetine which may help to better understand their molecular action and, in addition, help to find novel treatment strategies for stress-related depression....(more)
Jungke P, et al. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011 Feb;213(4):757-72.
Related Products: St. John's Wort Extract
- 27. In vitro and in vivo characterization of new formulations of St. John's Wort extract with improved pharmacokinetics and anti-nociceptive effect.
The main purpose of the present study was to develop a novel formulation of St. John's Wort (SJW) extract with the aim of improving its pharmacokinetics and anti-nociceptive effect. Several formulations of SJW were prepared, including cyclodextrin inclusion (SJW-CD), solid dispersion (SJW-SD), dry-emulsion (SJW-DE), and nano-emulsion (SJW-NE). Physicochemical properties of SJW formulations were characterized with a focus on the morphology, dissolution behavior, colloidal properties, and dispersion stability in water. Although all the SJW formulations and SJW extract itself exhibited fine dissolution behavior in water, SJW extract and most formulations tended to cream, aggregate, or flocculate after dispersion in distilled water. In contrast, there were no significant changes in appearance and particle size of the SJW-NE for at least a few weeks, suggesting that SJW-NE was the most stable form as a carrier of SJW in the present study. After oral administration of the SJW-NE formulation (5.2 mg hyperforin/kg) in mice, higher hyperforin exposure in plasma (1188 ± 41 nM·h) and the brain (52.9 ± 1.6 pmol/g tissue·h) was observed with 2.8- and 1.3-fold increases of the area under the concentration curve from 0 to 6 hours (AUC(0-6)) compared to those of the SJW extract (417 ± 41 nM·h in plasma and 41.6 ± 1.5 pmol/g tissue·h in the brain). In the formalin test for scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in mice, single oral administration of SJW-NE significantly reduced the nociceptive response compared with SJW extract. From these findings, the NE approach might be efficacious in improving the oral bioavailability and anti-nociceptive effect of SJW extract....(more)
Hatanaka J, et al. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011;26(6):551-8.
Related Products: St. John's Wort Extract
- 28. The effect of St John's wort (hypericum perforatum) on cytochrome p450 1a2 activity in perfused rat liver.
AIMS:
We previously reported the effect of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) standardised extract LI 160 on the activities of cytochrome P450 2C6, 2D2 and 3As (Dostalek et al., Life Sciences 2005;78(3):239-44). In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of St John's wort on the activity of cytochrome P450 1A2.
METHODS:
The isolated perfused rat liver model was used in our experiments with phenacetin as a marker substrate for cytochrome P450 1A2. Male Wistar rats were treated with St John's wort extract (100 mg/kg, once daily for 10 days); comparative inhibitor (alpha-naphthoflavone, 100 mg/kg) or comparative inducer (omeprazole, 30 mg/kg).
RESULTS:
The rate of formation of acetaminophen was significantly inhibited by the use of St John's wort (P<0.001). In addition, St John's wort extract inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 activity significantly more than the control inhibitor (P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS:
St John's wort significantly inhibited cytochrome P450 1A2 enzyme activity. It remains to be determined whether the co-administration of St John's wort extract and other medications or substrates for cytochrome P450 1A2 could result in significant drug interactions....(more)
Dostalek M, et al. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2011 Sep;155(3):253-7.
Related Products: St. John's Wort Extract
- 29. Hypericum perforatum L. (St John's wort) extract Ze 117 inhibits dopamine re-uptake in rat striatal brain slices. An implication for use in smoking cessation treatment?
Classic synthetic antidepressant drugs, as well as St John's wort extract (SJW), directly inhibit the re-uptake of norepinephrine (NE) and/or serotonin (5-HT) into pre-synaptic axons. With chronic treatment they induce adaptive changes in a number of neurotransmitter receptors in synaptic membranes. The immediate effects of SJW Ze 117, an extract low in hyperforin content, on the specific dopamine (DA) uptake were studied in rat striatal brain slices and compared with the effects on NE and 5-HT uptake in rat cortical brain slices. Specific DA uptake was inhibited in a dose dependent manner. In contrast to the findings in synaptosomal preparations published so far, the extract showed different inhibitory potencies for the respective transporters. The potencies for the uptake inhibition of NA, DA and 5-HT were 30, 7 and 1, respectively. The results indicate that the SJW Ze 117 extract interferes in three ways with the individual uptakes of the relevant neurotransmitters that are considered to be causal in the development of depression. This observation, the concomitant and potent inhibition of DA re-uptake by SJW extract, may additionally provide a rationale for the treatment of nicotine or drug addiction with SJW....(more)
Ruedeberg C, et al. Phytother Res 2010 Feb;24(2):249-51.
Related Products: St. John's Wort Extract
- 30. Mechanism of St. John's wort extract (STW3-VI) during chronic restraint stress is mediated by the interrelationship of the immune, oxidative defense, and neuroendocrine system.
Chronic stress is a contributing risk factor for the development of psychiatric illnesses such as anxiety and depression disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mechanisms of action of the standardized St. John's wort extract (STW3-VI; SJW) in a chronic restraint stress model. Markers of antioxidant capacity such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, and plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone as well as the inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-alpha were determined in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress for 21 consecutive days. In addition, total body and relative organ weights as well as behavioral changes in the open field test were evaluated on the last day. The results show that stressed animals decreased in open field activity compared to unstressed animals, which could be reversed by fluoxetine (10mg/kg, p.o.) and SJW (125-750mg/kg, p.o.) treatment. In addition, chronic restraint stress significantly decreased thymus and spleen indices in the stressed control group. However, treating stressed rats with fluoxetine or STW3-VI produced a significant and dose dependent increase in both thymus and spleen indices compared to stressed controls. Additionally, SJW and fluoxetine significantly reduced stress-induced increases in plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels. Furthermore, the administration of SJW significantly reduced the stress-induced increase in TNF-alpha levels. Our data provide new evidence for the hypothesis that the mechanism of action of STW3-VI is mediated by the interrelationship between the immune, oxidative defense and neuroendocrine system....(more)
Grundmann O, et al. Neuropharmacology 2010 Mar-Apr;58(4-5):767-73.
Related Products: St. John's Wort Extract
- 31. St. John's wort extract LI160 for the treatment of depression with atypical features - a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial.
Preliminary data suggest that hypericum extract LI160 is effective in atypical depression. Reported is the outcome of an 8-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of 600 mg LI160 vs. placebo in patients with vegetative features of atypical depression, i.e. hyperphagia or hypersomnia. One-hundred (100) patients with mild and 100 patients with moderate severity of a major depression according to ICD-10 were randomized. Patients needed to meet a score of 2 in at least one of the items 22-26 of the Hamilton-Depression-Rating-Scale (HAM-D) 28-item version and episode duration of at least 3 months. The primary outcome variable was the relative change of the HAM-D(17) from Baseline. Secondary outcome variables were the depression sub-score of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Clinical Global Impression (CGI), a patient's satisfaction scale, the Hamilton-Anxiety-Scale (HAM-A) and the sum score of atypical vegetative symptoms of the HAM-D(28). The percentage reduction of the HAM-D(17) for LI160 compared to placebo approached statistical significance (p=0.051) in the Full Analysis Set (FAS)-population. Using the conventional criterion of the absolute reduction of the HAM-D(17) significance was achieved (p<0.05). No significant benefit could be observed for the sum score of the atypical vegetative items of the HAM-D(28;) however, the sum score of the hypersomnia items (items 22-24) showed a significant superiority for LI160. The HAM-A, PHQ-9, and CGI-I scales demonstrated superiority of LI160 (p<0.01). Confining the analysis to moderately depressed patients, a highly significant benefit for the primary outcome variable was revealed. The study supports the beneficial effect of LI160 in depression with atypical features and the validity of the definition of atypical depression on the basis of reversed vegetative signs. Further, it identifies the PHQ-9 as a useful outcome variable in this population....(more)
Mannel M, et al. J Psychiatr Res 2010 Sep;44(12):760-7.
Related Products: St. John's Wort Extract
- 32. The Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm induced by stachydrine hydrochloride reduces uterine bleeding in RU486-induced abortion mice.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:
The Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm plays an important role in achieving maternal-fetal immunotolerance and participates in RU486-induced abortion. Excessive uterine bleeding is the most common side effect of RU486-induced abortion; however, its etiopathogenesis has not been fully understood. Therefore, elucidating the correlation between the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm and the volume of uterine bleeding may offer novel therapeutic target for reducing uterine bleeding in RU486-induced abortion. Leonurus sibiricus has been used in clinics to reduce postpartum hemorrhage with low toxicity and high efficiency; however, the effective constituents and therapeutic mechanism have not been described. Stachydrine hydrochloride is the main constituent of L. sibiricus, therefore L. sibiricus is regarded as a candidate for reducing uterine bleeding in RU486-induced abortion mice by regulating the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm.
AIM OF THE STUDY:
The purpose of this study was to determine the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm in uterine bleeding of RU486-induced abortion mice and to elucidate the immunopharmacologic effects of stachydrine hydrochloride on inducing the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm in reducing the uterine bleeding volume in RU486-induced abortion mice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
To investigate the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm in uterine bleeding during RU486-induced abortion mice, pregnant BALB/c mice were treated with high- and low-dose RU486 (1.5mg/kg and 0.9 mg/kg, respectively), and the serum progesterone (P(4)) protein level, uterine bleeding volume, and proportions of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells in mice at the maternal-fetal interface were detected by ELISA assay, alkaline hematin photometric assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. To determine the regulatory effect of stachydrine hydrochloride on the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm in vitro, splenocytes of non-pregnant mice were separated and treated with P(4,) RU486, and/or stachydrine hydrochloride (10(-5)M, 10(-4)M, and 10(-3)M, respectively). The proportions of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. To evaluate the effect of stachydrine hydrochloride in reducing uterine bleeding via regulation of the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm, pregnant mice were treated with RU486 (1.5mg/kg) and/or stachydrine hydrochloride (2.5mg/kg, 5mg/kg, and 10mg/kg). The serum P(4) level, uterine bleeding volume, and proportions of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells at the mice maternal-fetal interface were detected. Moreover, the protein levels of cytokines (IL-12 and IL-6) and the cytokine soluble receptors were analyzed by ELISA assay, and the mRNA expression of transcription factors (T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt, and Foxp3) were detected by RT-PCR assay.
RESULT:
Th1- and Th17-biased immunity was observed in RU486-induced abortion mice. The volume of uterine bleeding during RU486-induced abortion was negatively related to the proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells, as well as the ratios of Th1:Th2 cells and Th17:Treg cells, and positively related to the proportions of Th2 and Treg cells. Stachydrine hydrochloride promoted the protein expression of IL-12 and IL-6, as well as the mRNA expression of T-bet and RORγt, while inhibiting the mRNA expression of GATA-3 and Foxp3. Therefore, the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm in RU486-induced abortion mice shifted to Th1 and Th17 after stachydrine hydrochloride administration. The volume of uterine bleeding during RU486-induced abortion was reduced significantly after stachydrine hydrochloride administration.
CONCLUSION:
The Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm is closely related to the volume of uterine bleeding in RU486-induced abortion mice. The Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg paradigm induced by stachydrine hydrochloride contributed to the reduction in uterine bleeding in RU486-induced abortion mice.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved....(more)
Li X, et al. J Ethnopharmacol 2013 Jan 9;145(1):241-53.
Related Products: Stachydrine Hydrochloride
- 33. Simultaneous determination of 10 active components in traditional Chinese medicine "YIGONG" capsule by RP-HPLC-DAD.
A simple, reliable and accurate method for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 active components (psoralen, isopsoralen, emodin, oleanolic acid, stachydrine hydrochloride, ammonium glycyrrhizinate, glycyrrhizinate, schizandrol, imperatorin and isoimperatorin) in traditional Chinese medicine "YIGONG" capsule was developed using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with diode array detection. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Eurospher C(18) column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d. with 5.0 microm particle size) with a acetonitrile-water gradient containing 0.5% (v/v) aqueous phosphoric acid as mobile phase. Two detection wavelengths (210 and 250 nm) were utilized for the quantitative analysis due to the different UV spectra of these components. Good linear behaviors over the investigated concentration ranges were observed with the values of R(2) higher than 0.999 for all the analytes. The recoveries, measured at three concentration levels, varied from 95.0 to 105.3%. The validated method was successfully applied to the simultaneously determination of these active components in "YIGONG" capsule from different production batches....(more)
Feng C, et al. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008 Jun 9;47(2):442-7.
Related Products: Stachydrine Hydrochloride
- 34. Evaluation of the interaction of bioactive compounds in Cortex Pseudolarix and Radix Stephaniae by the microdialysis probe coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
An efficient and convenient method, biological fingerprinting chromatogram analysis is presented, which is applied to the comparison of fingerprinting chromatograms of the extracts of Chinese herbal medicines after the interaction with biological systems (cell, DNA, protein, etc.). The method was established for the purpose of screening and analysis of the multiple bioactive compounds in herbal medicines. In this work, microdialysis sampling combined with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was studied for binding property of MCF-7 and multidrug resistant MCF-7 cell systems. The results showed that pseudolaric acid A (PAA) and pseudolaric acid B (PAB) in the cortex of Pseudolarix kaempferi (Lamb.) Gorden can easily bind to the MCF-7 cells ranging from 0 to 16.3% (PAA) and from 0 to 35.7% (PAB), and another compound, tetrandrine (TET) from the root of Stephania tetrandrae S. Moore, showed higher binding activity with multidrug resistant MCF-7 cells ranging from 0 to 39.9%....(more)
Lei X, et al. J Chromatogr A 2009 Mar 13;1216(11):2179-84.
Related Products: Stephania Tetrandrae Root Extract
- 35. [Determination of tetrandrine and fangchinoline in Radix Stephaniae tetrandrae and its preparation by nonaqueous capillary chromatography].
OBJECTIVE:
To establish a new method for the determination of fangchinoline and tetrandrine in Stephania tetrandra and Fengtongan capsule by noanqueous capillary electrophoresis.
METHOD:
Separation was carried out in an uncoated fused capillary (50 cm x 75 microm i.d.) with a running buffer containing 50 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate, 1.0% acetic acid and 20% acetonitrile in methanol. A separation voltage of 20 kV and a UV detector wavelength at 214 nm were adopted. Sample was introduced from the anode.
RESULT:
The calibration ranges were 1.00, 500 mg x L(-1) for both analytes. Under the optimum conditions, the relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 6) for the migration time of each analyte were 0.09%, 1.9% (intra-day) and 0.63%, 1.9% (inter-day); The RSD for the peak area of each analyte were 0.45%, 5.9% (intra-day) and 2.3%, 5.6% (inter-day), respectively. The contents of the analytes were determined easily with average recoveries 102% for fangchinoline and 105% for tetrandrine in S. tetrandra and 94.6% for fangchinoline and 98.7% for tetrandrine in Fengtongan capsules, respectively.
CONCLUSION:
The proposed method is simple, rapid, accurate and higher repeatable, and can be used to control of the quality of S. tetrandra and Fengtongan capsules....(more)
Li YQ, et al. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2007 Oct;32(19):1992-5. Chinese.
Related Products: Stephania Tetrandrae Root Extract